Refers to groups of people who have faced systemic discrimination, marginalization, and injustice over long periods of time, often based on race, gender, class, or ability. These groups continue to be affected by historical inequalities today.

Historically oppressed communities—such as Indigenous, Black, and disability justice groups—have been excluded from tech and data governance systems. Addressing this requires designing tech that centers their voices, recognizes intergenerational trauma, and ensures data sovereignty, avoiding further exploitation or exclusion.